UC Santa CruzEconomics
HomeAbout the DepartmentUndergraduate ProgramGraduate ProgramCourse InformationFacultyStudentsNews and EventsLinks

Program Description

ADMISSION INTO ECONOMICS MAJOR AND MINOR

The Economics Department administers three undergraduate majors: Economics, Business Management Economics, and Global Economics. The admission requirements are the same for all three.

Students must take the following two courses prior to petitioning for entry to an Economics major: Economics 1 (introductory microeconomics), and Economics 2 (introductory macroeconomics). Equivalent courses may be taken at other universities or at community colleges. Transfer students may have these requests reviewed by the Department prior to matriculation at UCSC.

All students with a combined grade point average (GPA) of 2.8 in courses 1 and 2 will be eligible to declare the major. Students with a GPA below 2.8 in these courses may be allowed to declare at the discretion of the department. Students may submit a GPA letter of appeal. GPA appeals will be reviewed three times per quarter: the third, the fifth, and the seventh week of instruction with a four-day turnaround. Please come by the Economics Office, Engineering 2, Room 401, to receive guidelines on the appeal process. ECONOMICS GPA APPEAL DEADLINES

Students should take courses 1 and 2 for letter grades. In the case of courses taken on a Pass/No Pass basis, the department will use “shadow grades,” assigned by the instructor but not reported to the Office of the Registrar, in its assessment of eligibility for the major.

Courses for which a grade of W is given are not included in the computation of the GPA. If courses 1 or 2 are repeated, the department will evaluate the grades from the first attempt in determining whether students qualify for admittance to any major.

Students may petition for admission to the major by completing the Declaration of Major Petition, and by supplying evidence of their performance in the two pre-major courses.

For purposes of advising, students who are interested in pursuing an economics major are encouraged to declare the pre-economics major with the understanding that this does not automatically provide entry to the economics major.

Appeal of Negative Decisions: Appeals of negative decisions must be submitted to the Economics Department in writing within 30 days of notification that entrance into the major was denied. Letters of appeal should describe any extenuating circumstances that might affect the student’s record.

ECONOMICS

Economics students study a substantial core of economic theory and mathematical and statistical methods. The required core courses may be combined with electives in a general economics major program especially suitable for students who plan to enter law school or other specialized programs emphasizing areas such as applied economics, environmental economics, public policy, political economy, international economics, third world issues and economic development, and quantitative methods.

The economics curriculum begins at the introductory level; no specific high school preparation is required. All students who major in economics are required to take the following Economics courses:

  • 1 Introduction to Microeconomics
  • 2 Introduction to Macroeconomics
  • 11A and 11B* Math Methods for Economists
  • 100A or (100M) Intermediate Microeconomics
  • 100B or (100N) Intermediate Macroeconomics
  • 113 Introduction to Econometrics
  • Applied Math & Statistics 5 Statistics
  • Five (5) additional upper-division courses (including 3 from this list**) (not including 191, 192, 193, " 198).
  • The comprehensive examination is also required for graduation.
*Math 11A, 11B and 22 (or 23A) or Math 19A, 19B and 22 (or 23A) are equivalents to Economics 11A and 11B. If you have taken Math 11A/B and 22 (or 23A) or Math 19A/B and 22 (or 23A) you do not need to take Econ 11A and 11B. Econ 11A/11B and Applied Math & Statistics AMS 11A/11B are the same course.

**Students must include at least 3 from the following list:

  • 104 (Is There Truth in Numbers: The Role of Statistics in Economics)
  • 105 (Topics in Macroeconomic Theory)
  • 106 (Evolutionary Thought in the Social Sciences)
  • 107 (Economic Justice)
  • 108 (Business and Society)
  • 109 (Business Ethics)
  • 114 (Advanced Quantitative Methods)
  • 120 (Economic Development)
  • 121 (Economic Growth)
  • 125 (Economic History of the U.S.)
  • 126 (Why Economies Succeed or Fail)
  • 128 (Poverty and Public Policy)
  • 130 (Money and Banking)
  • 137 (Performing Arts in the Public and Private Economy)
  • 140 (International Trade)
  • 141 (International Finance)
  • 142 (Advanced Topics in International Finance)
  • 143 (Policy Issues in the International Economy)
  • 148 (Latin American Economies)
  • 149 (The Economies of East and Southeast Asia)
  • 150 (Public Finance)
  • 152 (Setting Domestic Priorities)
  • 153 (Cost-Benefit Analysis)
  • 156 (Health Care and Medical Economics)
  • 157 (Economics of Aging)
  • 159 (The Economics of Organizations)
  • 160A (Industrial Organization)
  • 160B (Government and Industry)
  • 165 (Economics as an Experimental Science)
  • 166A (Game Theory and Applications I)
  • 166B (Game Theory and Applications II)
  • 169 (Economic Analysis of the Law)
  • 170 (Environmental Economics)
  • 171 (Natural Resource Economics)
  • 175 (Energy Economics)
  • 183 (Women in the Economy)
  • 184 (Labor Wars in Theory and Film)
  • 185 (Value and Support of the Arts: Challenges and Opportunities in American Society)
  • 189 (Political Economy of Capitalism)
  • 190 (Senior Proseminar)
  • 195 (Senior Thesis)
  • 199 (Tutorial)

Courses 191, 192, 193, 193F, 198, and 198F may not be used to meet major requirements. Either course 195 or 199 may be used to fill one of the five upper-division major requirements.

NOTE: Students who fail either Economics 100A (or 100M) or 100B (or 100N) or 113 twice will be disqualified from the major. Students who are disqualified will be notified by the first day of instruction of the quarter following the disqualifying failure. The Registrars office and the college will also be notified of the disqualification.

The MINOR IN ECONOMICS

Students earn a minor in economics by completing all of the requirements for the major with the following exceptions:
  1. Only THREE (3) upper-division elective courses are required.
  2. A comprehensive examination is not required.

Courses 191, 192, 193, 195, and 198 may not be used to meet minor requirements. Economics 199 may be counted only once toward the upper-division minor requirements.

BUSINESS MANAGEMENT ECONOMICS

Students interested in Business and Management may wish to follow the major in Business Management Economics. The major provides disciplinary structure and focus for the interests and needs of the growing number of students who are interested in business and management.

The major has several important elements. First, it combines the strong analytic approach of economics with the technical aspects of management. Second, it recognizes that computing has become intrinsic to business and will continue to be an essential skill for those who wish to enter this field. Students in this concentration will gain knowledge about using computing as a tool for analysis of economic, statistical and financial data. Third, the major strongly recommends that students complete an Economics field placement to obtain practical experience. These field placements arranged with the Economics Field Study staff, provide an excellent way to apply academic economics, business and management to issues and problems in the real world. And fourth, students gain important written and verbal communication skills, which are vitally important in business.

A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS MANAGEMENT MAJOR
The following is the basic outline of the course requirements.

Core Requirements: All students are required to take the same core courses as Economics and Global Economics majors:

  • 1 Introduction to Microeconomics
  • 2 Introduction to Macroeconomics
  • 11A and 11B* Math Methods for Economists
  • 100A or (100M) Intermediate Microeconomics
  • 100B or (100N) Intermediate Macroeconomics
  • 113 (Introduction to Econometrics
  • Applied Math & Statistics 5 Statistics
  • The comprehensive examination is also required for graduation.
In addition, students will be required to take two accounting courses 10A and 10B.

Electives: Students are required to take 6 of their upper-division courses from the following areas:

Upper-Division Business Management Courses:

  1. Choose ONE (1) course from the following "A" list:
    • 101 (Managerial Economics)
    • 135 (Corporate Finance)
    • 133 (Security Markets and Financial Institutions)
  2. Choose THREE (3) courses from the following list:
    • 101* (Managerial Economics)
    • 110 (Managerial Cost Accounting)
    • 111A & 111B (Intermediate Accounting 1 and 2)
    • 112 (Auditing and Attestation)
    • 115 (Introduction to Management Science)
    • 117A (Income Tax Factors for Individuals)
    • 117B (Tax Factors of Business and Investment)
    • 118 (Fraud Examination)
    • 119 (Advanced Accounting)
    • 131 (International Financial Markets)
    • 133* (Security Markets & Financial Institutions)
    • 134 (Finance and Technology Strategy)
    • 135* (Corporate Finance)
    • 136 (Business Strategy and Entrepreneurial Studies)
    • 138 (The Economics of Management of Technology & Innovation)
    • 139A (Economics of Electronic Commerce)
    • 139B (Electronic Commerce Strategy)
    • 161A (Marketing)
    • 161B (Marketing Research)
    • 162 (Legal Environment of Business)
    • 164 (Economics of the Telecommunications Industry)
    • 180 (Labor)
    • 181 (Real Estate Economics>
    • 182 (Industrial Relations)
    • 188 (Management in the Global Economy)
    • 194 (Advanced Topics in Management)
* May be selected if not previously used to satisfy the "A" requirement.

Upper-Division Economics Courses: Choose TWO (2) additional upper-division economics courses from any courses NOT listed above. Economics 191, 192, 193, and 198 may not be used to meet major requirements. Economics 195 or 199 may be used to fill one of the upper-division electives, with department approval.

Additional Requirements: Computer Literacy
All students must complete at least two courses that provide computing skills. Choose two courses from the following list. With department approval, the student may substitute other courses.

  • CMPE 12/L (Computer Organization)
  • CMPE 80N (Networking and the Internet)
  • CMPS 10 (Introduction to Computer Science)
  • CMPS 12A (Introduction to Programming)
  • CMPS 5C, 5J, 5P (previously 60G/N) (Beginning Programming: Soc. Sci. and Humanities/Nat Sci)
  • CMPS 80B (Systems and Simulation)
  • ECON 216 (Applied Econometric Analysis) - instructor permission required
  • ISM 50 (Business Information Systems)
  • ISM 58 (Systems Analysis and Design)
  • LING 80G (Nature and Language of Computers)
Additional Requirements: Economics Field Study
One quarter of field study is strongly recommended. Placements and credit for Economics 193 or 198 arranged through the Economics Field Study Coordinator.

GLOBAL ECONOMICS

Global Economics majors study economics in the context of a particular geographic area, incorporating language study, area study, and study abroad into their academic plan. Students who complete the program will develop a sound understanding of economics in an international context, focusing particularly on one geographic area. The program also increases the educational opportunities of undergraduates to develop critical thinking skills and gain experiential learning opportunities in the area of international economics. Employment opportunities for well-trained graduates in Global Economics are excellent in government, international trade and finance, and industry.

Admission to the Major: All global economics students are eligible to apply to specified EAP programs as long as they are in good standing and have the permission of the Director of Undergraduate Study. Students who are not accepted to a study abroad program or who do not meet the foreign language or area study requirements are advised to complete the general economics major as a fallback alternative.

Economics Requirements: All students will be required to meet the general requirements of the economics major:

  • 1 Introduction to Microeconomics
  • 2 Introduction to Macroeconomics
  • 11A and 11B* Math Methods for Economists
  • 100A or (100M) Intermediate Microeconomics
  • 100B or (100N) Intermediate Macroeconomics
  • 113 Introduction to Econometrics
  • Applied Math & Statistics 5 Statistics
  • The comprehensive examination is also required for graduation.

Additionally, students must take TWO (2) comparative or international economics courses from the list that follows. Note that at least one of the courses must be either Econ 120, Economic Development; Econ 140, International Trade; or Econ141, International Finance.

  • ECON 120 (Economic Development)
  • ECON 126 (Why Economies Succeed or Fail)
  • ECON 131 (International Financial Markets)
  • ECON 140 (International Trade)
  • ECON 141 (International Finance)
  • ECON 142 (Topics in International Economics)
  • ECON 148* (Economies of Latin America)
  • ECON 149 (Economies of East and Southeast Asia) - if area is Asia
  • ECON 188 (Management in the Global Economy)

  • LALS 140* (Rural Mexico in Crisis)
  • LALS 165* (Political Economy of Crisis and Transition in Latin America)
  • LALS 168* (Economic History of Latin America)
  • LALS 169* (Latin American Industrialization in a Global Perspective)

  • POLI 140B (Comparative Post-Communist Politics)
  • POLI 175 (The New Europe)
  • POLI 176 (International Political Economy)

  • SOCY 163 (Global Corporations and National States)
  • SOCY 167 (Development and Underdevelopment)
* If area is Latin America

Students must also take THREE (3) additional upper-division economics courses from the list of all upper-division courses offered by the Economics Department.

In certain cases, particular upper-division electives may be designated to meet more specific concentrations, such as international business or development.

Area Studies Requirement: Students meet the area study requirement by taking two courses from a selected group of courses from other departments which focus on the history, political economy or culture of some other part of the world. Unless there is a specified reason, the two courses typically concern themselves with a particular area of the world in which the student's language study and overseas study are concentrated. The Department provides a list of approved courses (PDF). Substitutions from this list are welcomed when they are part of the students overseas program or from other UCSC courses approved by the Director of Undergraduate Study.

Foreign Language Study: Global Economics requires evidence of proficiency in a language other than English. Students can meet this requirement by completing two years of university level language courses up to UCSC level 6 or by demonstrating an equivalent level of competence through a recognized language test.

The intention of this requirement is for students to have enough fluency to read, write and speak with others in a language which is relevant to their study area. There are numerous possible major languages. The Department will make an effort to help students demonstrate proficiency in the language of their choice. Language placement and competency tests available on campus will be used. In the case of languages not taught on this campus (for example Korean or Swahili) arrangements will be made for proficiency verification with other members of the faculty, or with community members who have language ability in selected areas. Two-years of language study is standard, although we recognize that certain intensive language programs such as the UCSC Summer Language Institute or overseas EAP language study may be weighted more heavily.

Study Abroad: All students are required to spend at least one semester in overseas study in an approved course of study, usually but not necessarily through the UC Education Abroad Program (EAP). Numerous overseas study sites are available through the EAP office. Students may also choose a year-long program. Use of these programs requires full application to EAP. As the course offerings at the various EAP centers differ, the student will want to plan carefully the appropriate plan of study. The student may use the time spent abroad to further language study, to meet the Area Study course requirement, or to meet some of the upper-division economics course requirements. Programs other than the UC EAP study abroad program must be approved by the Director of Undergraduate Studies to ensure that credit earned is transferrable toward the UCSC degree. One such program with which we work closely, is the Campus Abroad Program at Foothill College, which offers paid summer jobs and internships in Europe, South America, and Asia.

COMBINATION MAJORS

There are three combined majors available: Economics and Mathematics, Environmental Studies and Economics which is administered by the Environmental Studies Department, and Latin American and Latino Studies and Global Economics which is administered by the Latin American and Latino Studies Department.

ECONOMICS AND MATHEMATICS

The major in Economics and Mathematics is designed to meet the needs of undergraduate students who plan to pursue doctoral study in economics or business, or who wish to pursue a career as an actuary or other profession requiring a sophisticated understanding of economics and mathematics. The major combines the main undergraduate content of both Economics and Mathematics within a programmatic structure that joins the two disciplines. It provides a coursework combination necessary to prepare for a modern Economics PhD program, or for a technically demanding professional career.

A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ECONOMICS AND MATHEMATICS MAJOR
The following is the basic outline of the course requirements.

Economics Required Courses:

  • 1 Introduction to Microeconomics
  • 2 Introduction to Macroeconomics
  • 100A or (100M) Intermediate Microeconomics
  • 100B or (100N) Intermediate Macroeconomics
  • 113 Introduction to Econometrics
  • Applied Math & Statistics 5 Statistics

Economics Electives (choose three from the following list):

  • 101 (Managerial Economics)
  • 102 (Forecasting)
  • 104 (Is There Truth in Numbers: The Role of Statistics in Economics)
  • 106 (Evolutionary Thought in the Social Sciences)
  • 107 (Economic Justice)
  • 114 (Advanced Quantitative Methods)
  • 115 (Intro to Management Science)
  • 120 (Economic Development)
  • 125 (Economic History of the U.S.)
  • 126 (Why Economies Succeed or Fail)
  • 128 (Poverty and Public Policy)
  • 130 (Money and Banking)
  • 131 (International Financial Markets)
  • 133 (Security Markets and Financial Institutions)
  • 135 (Corporate Finance)
  • 136 (Business Strategy)
  • 137 (Performing Arts in the Public and Private Economy)
  • 138 (Economics and Management of Technology and Innovation)
  • 139A (Economics of Electronic Commerce)
  • 139B (E-Commerce Strategy)
  • 140 (International Trade)
  • 141 (International Finance)
  • 142 (Advanced Topics in International Finance)
  • 148 (Latin American Economies)
  • 149 (The Economies of East and Southeast Asia)
  • 150 (Public Finance)
  • 152 (Setting Domestic Priorities)
  • 153 (Cost-Benefit Analysis)
  • 156 (Health Care and Medical Economics)
  • 160A (Industrial Organization)
  • 161A (Marketing)
  • 162 (Legal Environment of Business)
  • 164 (Economics and the Telecommunications Industry)
  • 165 (Economics as an Experimental Science)
  • 169 (Economic Analysis of the Law)
  • 170 (Environmental Economics)
  • 171 (Natural Resource Economics)
  • 175 (Energy Economics)
  • 180 (Labor Economics)
  • 181 (Economics of Real Estate)
  • 183 (Women in the Economy)
  • 184 (Labor Wars in Theory and Film)
  • 188 (Management in the Global Economy)
  • 189 (Political Economy of Capitalism)

Mathematics Required Courses:

  • Math 19A Calculus for Science, Engineering and Mathematics
  • Math 19B Calculus for Science, Engineering and Mathematics
  • Math 21 Linear Algebra
  • Math 22 Calculus of Several Variables or 23A-B, Multivariable Calculus
  • Math 100 Mathematical Proof
  • Math 105A Real Analysis

Mathematics Electives (choose two from the following list):

  • Math 106 (Systems of Ordinary Differential Equations)
  • Math 107 (Partial Differential Equations)
  • Math 114 (Introduction to Financial Mathematics)
  • Math 117 (Advanced Linear Algebra)
  • Math 145/L (Chaos Theory)
  • Math 194 (Senior Seminar)
  • Applied Mathematics and Statistics 114 (Introduction to Dynamical Systems)
  • Applied Mathematics and Statistics 131 (Introduction to Probability Theory)
  • Applied Mathematics and Statistics 132 (Statistical Inference)
  • Applied Mathematics and Statistics 147 (Computational Methods and Applications)
  • Applied Mathematics and Statistics 162 (Design and Analysis of Computer Simulation Experiments)

Comprehensive Requirement:
In addition to successfully completing program requirements, students need to satisfy the comprehensive requirement for this major; this can be satisfied by one of the following options:

    a. Mathematics 194 or 195;
    b. by passing all three upper-division core courses (Economics 100A or 100M, 100B or 100N, and 113); or
    c. with consent of an instructor, by completion of a senior thesis in economics.

Major Admission Requirements:
Although there are no specific requirements, high school students are encouraged to take four years of high school mathematics and an economics class. Transfer students are encouraged to complete as many lower-division (mathematics and economics) courses as they can at their junior college.

The admission requirements for the Economics and Mathematics major are the same as for the other economics major programs.

Major Disqualification Policy:
Students are expected to maintain good academic standing. Only courses with a grade of P or a letter grade of C or better will satisfy the major requirements; students who receive a lower grade in upper-division core courses (Economics 100A (or 100M), 100B (or 100N), and 113; and Mathematics 100 and 105A) twice will be disqualified from the major. Students who are disqualified will be notified by the first day of instruction in the subsequent quarter, as well as the student’s college and the Office of the Registrar.

Students may appeal their disqualification by submitting a letter to the Economics Department. This appeal must be filed no later than 15 days after the disqualification notification was mailed, or the 10th day of classes in the quarter of their disqualification, whichever is later.

Additional Preparation for the Major:
Students interested in the combined major must meet a minimum GPA requirement in Economics 1 and 2 (2.8 combined on first attempts). Transfer students should check assist.org for agreements with California community colleges about economics and math courses. Students who have met all articulations before transferring will need at least six economics and four to five mathematics classes at UCSC to complete the major.

Environmental Studies and Economics: This major is intended to provide students with the basic tools of economics analysis and an understanding of the mechanics of resource production, conservation, and use, in both ecological and economic terms. Students take the following required courses: Economics 1, 2, 11A, 11B, 100A (or 100M), and 113; Anthropology 2 or Sociology 1 or 15 or Philosophy 22, 24, or 28; and Environmental Studies 23, 24, 25, 100, and the senior-year capstone course (190). In addition, students must complete six elective courses from the following, with at least three courses from each discipline: Economics 100B (or 100N), 101, 102, 114, 115, 120, 128, 130, 131, 133, 134, 135, 136, 138, 139A, 139B, 140, 141, 142, 150, 152, 153, 156, 160A, 160B, 161A, 162, 165, 169, 180, 181, 183; and Environmental Studies 104, 107A-C (can only apply one toward major), 108, 109A-D (can only apply one toward major), 110, 115A, 120, 122, 123, 129, 130A/L, 130B, 131, 133, 138, 140, 141, 143, 144, 145, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161A, 162, 163, 165, 166, 167, 168, 172, 173, 175, and 179. One of the three environmental studies electives must be based in the natural sciences. The comprehensive requirement must be met by completing the Environmental Studies 190 capstone course and, for economics, either by passing Economics 100A and 113 or, with consent of an instructor, completion of a senior thesis. Inquiries regarding this major should be directed to Maria Ruby (mruby@ucsc.edu or 831-459-5004) in the Environmental Studies Department.

Latin American and Latino Studies and Global Economics: Students complete a total of seven lower-division requirements for the Latin American and Latino Studies and Global Economics major: Latin American and Latino Studies 1, 80A, 80C (or other LALS 80), History 34 or 35, Economics 1, 2, 11A, and 11B. Upper-division requirements include Economics 100A (or 100M), 100B (or 100N), and 113; Latin American and Latino Studies 100A and 100B; and five additional electives: two from economics and three from Latin American and Latino Studies. Two of the upper-division courses must be taught in Spanish (or Portuguese). Language requirement: demonstrated proficiency in Spanish or Portuguese (equivalent to two years of university-level language courses or by demonstrating an equivalent level of competence through a recognized language test). Study abroad requirement: At least one quarter (2-4 courses) of internship, academic work or field study abroad in a Spanish or Portuguese speaking country. Time abroad can be used for language study or to take courses which will count as electives for the combined major. Inquiries regarding this major should be directed to Alessandra Alvares (aalvares@ucsc.edu or 831-459-2119) in the Latin American and Latino Studies Department.